Srs on Management System

Programming Requirements Specification For Attendance Tracking System, Release 1. 0 Version 1. 0 Prepared by Lee Bell, Graham Kennedy, Jonathan Loudin, Roger Seagle February 9, 2003 Table of Contents Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I Revision History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ I 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 1 Purpose†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1. 2 Document Conventions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 4 Project Scope†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. 5 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 2. By and large Description†¦ †¦ †¦ . 1 2. 1 Product Perspective†¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 2 Product Features†¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 3 User Classes and Characteristics†¦ †¦ †¦ 1 2. 4 Operating Environment†¦ †¦ †¦ . 2. 5 Design and Implementation Constraints†¦ †¦ †¦ .. 2. Client Documentation†¦ †¦ †¦ . 2. 7 Assumptions and Dependencies†¦ †¦ †¦ 2 3. Framework Features†¦ †¦ †¦ 3. 1 Roll Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ . 3. 2 Edit Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ . 4 3. 3 Statistics Mode†¦ †¦ †¦ . 6 4. Outside Interface Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ .. 7 4. Client Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ . 7 4. 2 Hardware Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ . 7 4. 3 Software Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ .. 7 4. 4 Communications Interfaces†¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ .. 8 5. 1 Performance Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ .. 8 5. 2 Safety Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ 8 5. Security Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 5. 4 Software Quality Attributes†¦ †¦ †¦ . 8 6. Other Requirements†¦ †¦ †¦ 9 Revision History Name Everyone Date February 9, 2003 February 12, 2003 Reason For Changes Initial Draft Revise Draft Version 1. 0 draft 1 2. 0 Final Version 1. Presentation The accompanying archive depicts the practical and non-utilitarian necessities for the Attendance Tracking System discharge variant 1. . The substance are proposed to be used by the product building class as rules for usage and testing. This Software Requirements Specification record just covers the fundamental framework and doesn't portray the execution of the database where the primary framework collaborates. All the necessities expressed in this record are scheduled for execution in form 1. 0, except if in any case determined. 1. 1 Purpose 1. 2 Document Conventions As of the most recent variant of this Software Requirements Specification, there are no archive conventions.The target group is the product designing class, who will actualize and testing the Attendance Tracking System. Likewise, the record is to be used by the product building teacher to assess the software’s plan and highlights. The Attendance Tracking System will permit teachers to keep up a record of participation of understudies in their separate classes from a Pocket PC. Likewise, the framework will allow the teacher to send an understudy a warning email of their nonattendance. Moreover, the program gives various modes to alter participation, see tatistics, and take notes on components relating to participation. The objective is to furnish an educator with a simple, compact answer for participation record upkeep and participation insights. 1. 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions 1. 4 Project Scope 1. 5 References 1. Weigers, Karl. Programming Require ments Specification Template, http://www. processimpact. com/process_assets/srs_template. doc 2. By and large Description The Attendance Tracking System is expected to supplant the manual model of participation record keeping by methods for move call and paper records.The move call and paper records are supplanted with a solitary association between the teacher and the Attendance Tracking System. Teachers will have the option to see pictures of understudies on their Pocket PC and rapidly keep up participation records. The highlights communicated in this Software Requirements Specification report are planned to be completely actualized in variant 1. 0. The framework will be created in such a manner to give simple expansion of upgraded highlights, which might be wanted in ensuing variants. The principle fea

Towards Innovation Essays - Organizational Theory

Towards Innovation The present reality is encountering the most fast pace of progress in its history. The reason for this paper is to examine what hierarchical structure is appropriate in the business conditions of today. This paper will contend that nature of the 21st century is such, that to be viable, associations are tending towards less formalized structures than utilized previously. To help this contention, right off the bat associations will be characterized, and afterward the properties that cause an association viable will to be recognized. Next authoritative structure will be assessed, and what comprises business condition will be built up. At long last the impacts globalization and innovation have had on the will be tended to according to changes in authoritative structure. Robbins et al. characterize an association as a conscious game plan of individuals to achieve some particular reason (2000: 5). While Wood et al. consider associations as assortments of individuals cooperating in divisions of work to accomplish a typical reason (1998: 15). These definitions fits a wide assortment of gatherings, for example, brandishing clubs, strict bodies, intentional affiliations etcetera anyway for this article will focus on business associations. A Business associations reason for existing is to convey and item or administration so that an advantage is picked up for the association, benefit or altruism for instance. The Macquarie word reference is characterizes successful as creating the planned or anticipated outcome and delivering a striking impression (1990). In this manner a powerful association is a course of action of individuals that effectively accomplished their motivation, ie. an enormous benefit of fine item, and have done as such in a vital, praiseworthy, estimable strategy or style. It is comprehended that to be powerful an association must be productive. Productivity is characterized as the connection among sources of info and yields, the objective of which is to limit asset cost (Robbins et al., 2000: 8). Generally a business associations achievement is basically estimated in budgetary benefit, however this isn't the main benchmark. Hierarchical structure is characterized as the associations formal system by which occupation undertakings are isolated, gathered and facilitated (Robbins et al., 2000: 351). For the most part an associations structure is viewed as the administrative system that coordinates the non-administrative representatives. Generally western authoritative structure can be contended to have created from the primitive arrangement of government where an exacting pyramidal force and class structure existed. Named as unthinking associations they are portrayed by Robbins et al. as being described by high specialization, broad departmentalization, thin ranges of control, high formalization, a constrained data system, and little interest in dynamic by low-level representatives (2000: 361). Natural structures then again created as options in contrast to unthinking structures. The basic way of thinking of the natural model is to give the space to all individuals to contribute thoughts and exertion towards the prosperity of the association. Natural associations are portrayed by Robbins et al. as exceptionally versatile and adaptable with little work specialization, negligible formalization and minimal direct management of representatives (2000: 362). Instances of natural structures incorporate group based structures, network associations, venture structures, boundaryless associations and learning associations (Robbins et al., 2000: 370-377). Natural associations for the most part furnish representatives with more self-sufficiency than those with robotic structure. Business associations are classed as open frameworks, that is, they powerfully cooperate with their condition (Robbins et al., 2000: 18). Robbins et el. characterize condition to be outside foundations or powers that conceivably influence an associations execution (2000: 101). Wong et al. list components of nature to incorporate rivalry; monetary conditions; physical condition; political and legitimate environment; financial attributes; sociocultural components; populace circulation; framework; mechanical conditions; workforce organization and training of the populace (1998: 4). When an association could basically overlook natural powers however Wood et al. states now a compelling authoritative structure mirrors the ground-breaking outside powers (1998: 417). Associations need to realize their condition so as to perceive and make the most of the open doors it offers, to perceive the imperatives it forces and to try to transform the requirements into circumstances (Dawson, 1992: 80). To Know their condition associations must participate in ecological filtering, depicted by Robbins et al. as the screening of much data to distinguish rising patterns and make situations (2000: 311). Robbins et al. contends that associations need to give extraordinary consideration to the part

Improving Concentration And Memory Skills

Improving Concentration And Memory Skills In the event that you wish to improve your memory aptitudes, for example your capacity to recall data and remember it when you so want, it is basic that you improve your focus. Fixation expects you to concentrate eagerly on whatever you are attempting to recall. Fixation empowers you to: learn new realities review data that you have just retained Clearly you have to concentrate on the data to be scholarly on the off chance that you need to recollect it. So you should improve your focus to improve your memory. You can't guarantee that your forces of focus are powerless and thus you experience the ill effects of a frail memory. Focus is a psychological aptitude. It tends to be created by you, much the same as some other ability. There are a few energizing manners by which you can help your fixation power. Stage 1: Power Your Brain In the event that you truly wish to improve your focus, attempt the accompanying tips and you will locate a stamped improvement in a moderately brief timeframe period. There have been a few books that have been composed regarding the matter of how the cerebrum functions and how you can utilize this information to improve its working. In Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain, Sharon Begley clarifies that the structure and capacity of the grown-up cerebrum isn't unchangeable. The associations between the neurons in your cerebrum develop and change constantly. At the point when you figure out how to play the guitar, study the human life structures, read a book, practice the Chinese style of cutting vegetables, or build up another propensity, you are expanding the systems administration in the cerebrum. Likewise with some other muscle in the body, the more you utilize the mind, the better it becomes. You have to practice a muscle routinely to create it. In a similar way, you should practice your cerebrum normally to create and keep it fit as a fiddle. Your cerebrum can change and develop constantly. This is a nonstop procedure and doesn't occur without any forethought. With persistent and steady exertion, you can improve your minds capacity to focus. Incorporate with your day by day system the accompanying propensities: Care reflection: Begin by thinking for five minutes in the first part of the day and for five minutes again around evening time before heading to sleep. In the event that you do this ordinary, you will see that your capacity of focus is improving. Care intends to know or cognizant. Reflection hones your concentration and memory. Studies at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston have demonstrated that standard reflection makes changes in the physical structure of the cerebrum by thickening the cortex. At that point thickening of the cortex happens due to expanded blood stream to that zone. The cortex is that zone of the mind that manages the higher mental capacities. In this way, contemplation and memory are inseparably connected to one another. By contemplating routinely, you improve your cerebrums capacity to center. It additionally gets lucidity your reasoning. I discovered care reflection is the most ideal approach to think. Thusly you need to do the opposite of other contemplation techniques ordinarily utilized. Here you won't attempt to purge your psyche however you will attempt to fill your brain with as much as possible. Be that as it may, it ought to be from the present just not from the past and what's to come. For example sit easily and attempt to c oncentrate on your breathing sound, listen its sound. Feel it, attempt to envision that air going in and out. I mean make your all the faculties/observation occupied enough in accepting data from the current second. It will make occupied your psyche in the current passing development and you won't get an opportunity to ponder in past and future. What's more, focus is tied in with remaining in present. You can do something very similar while eating, washing, strolling by making your faculties occupied in getting the data in the current development. Like what is the temperature of water you are utilizing for shower or what are the elements of the food you are eating likewise attempt to examine their amount. Legitimate rest: Sleep adds to the drawn out union of new recollections (Nature diary, November 2006). Passing by this, any new recollections that are shaped require enough rest to empower the cerebrum to compose and hold them. In the event that a night has been stayed in bed hurling and turning (if its because of an old sleeping cushion, toss it out and get another one), the cerebrum isn't new and prepared to confront another day of work. It is foggy and drowsy, and it won't work with clearness and sharpness. Its capacity to hold anything will be diminished. Both focus and memory will endure on account of poor rest. To improve the nature of your rest have a hot cup of milk before hitting the sack, expel upsetting contemplations from your psyche, obscure the room, have warm shower, put on some light music and read an exhausting book. Every one of these things are planned for guaranteeing that you get a decent evenings rest. It will enable your cerebrum to help its vitality levels. This thusly will prompt improved focus. Eat more advantageous: There is an immediate connection between's your eating regimen and your fixation and memory. The supplements and vitality required by your mind are provided by the food you eat. The cerebrum utilizes glucose, a sugar, as fuel, so your glucose should be managed. To help improve your memory, cut back on quick nourishments which are high in soaked fats and salt, the two of which hinder your carotid courses. Such blockages diminish the flexibly of oxygenated blood to the cerebrum. The centering intensity of the cerebrum is then reduced. Decrease your weight to the typical levels, for being overweight makes your physical body and your psychological limits lazy. Eat nourishments that enhance your cerebrum to help in improving its usefulness. Cerebrum nourishments incorporate apples, bananas, dim green vegetables, for example, spinach, eggs, flaxseed, and fish, and some basic unsaturated fats like Omega - 3. Drinking at any rate one liter of water a day for each 23 24 kg of body weight will likewise help. To keep your glucose consistent, take five or six little suppers for the duration of the day. Breaking point your calorie admission to what is basic. Nutrients and different enhancements: Cerebrum improvement supplements don't do a lot and can be maintained a strategic distance from. Taking a multi-nutrient tablet regularly as an enhancement helps. It might fill in the lacuna made by any sort of nutrient insufficiency in your eating regimen. Cod liver oil containers, Vitamin B and nutrient C tablets help in enhancing the nutrients that you get from your standard eating routine. Nutrients are basic for the correct working of your cerebrum. Cerebrum games: You have to play the games that request more noteworthy core interest. These ought to be played regularly to improve your fixation levels. This is on the grounds that the cerebrum turns out to be better at whatever it practices all the time. By playing those games that require concentrated exertion, the cerebrums capacity to center increments. Stage 2. Enhance your Environment: An appropriate domain, helpful for examines, likewise helps in improving your focus. A Study Area: It is a great idea to have an assigned spot for considering. You will start concentrating there. Ensure its not the bed that you use for considers, for the bed identifies with rest. Have a work area in a tranquil and separated spot away from commotion to empower you to think. Attempt Different Colored Lights: Late investigations demonstrate that the utilization of a green light in the examination light improves fixation. You could give this a shot to check whether it works for you. Red light is additionally expected to improve focus and memory. You may likewise brighten your investigation zone with curios and things which are red in shading and see whether this aides in improving your focus. Expel Distractions: Radio, TV, and phone are for the most part interruptions. They ought to be turned off during your examination time. This will enable you to center. Ensure that when you study, you are not upset by companions who call or drop in out of the blue. Your investigation time ought to be obvious to you just as others. By delineating your investigation hours, you will forestall the interruptions that in any case eat into your time. Use Time Boxes: For a specific part of study, set a sensible time limit. In the event that you wish to become familiar with another section, set forty minutes for understanding it and an additional twenty minutes for learning it. You ought to have the option to finish the section in 60 minutes. By doing this, you guarantee that there is a cutoff time to be met and this encourages you to concentrate on the work. Remain Motivated: To remain inspired you can guarantee yourself a prize toward the finish of a specific time of centered considering. For instance, you may reveal to yourself that following several hours of study, you will have earned the award of viewing your most loved T.V. appear around evening time. Enjoy a Regular Reprieve: Consistently, enjoy a brief reprieve, to forestall your vitality levels from slacking. You ought to get up from the seat, walk a piece and stretch your legs. Have a glass of water or a light bite. Do some eye activities to loosen up your eyes. Change your Breathing: Change your breathing to enact your alpha waves. Change your breathing example to more profound and more slow. This encourages your cerebrum to change to alpha waves, which intellectually set up your mind to focus on new realities. The alpha waves carry your brain to availability to learn new realities. This is the cool and loosen up perspective. Any learning requires focus. Without concentrating on the data, the mind won't have the option to learn or recall. On the off chance that your mind meanders, it won't review an exercise. So fixation is an absolute necessity for learning and holding. Improvement in fixation will prompt improvement in the memory since getting the hang of, recalling and remembering are all between related. In the event that you have not realized, in what manner will you recollect? Consequently, improve your focus and this will prompt an improved memory.

Winter Storm essays

Winter Storm expositions The white tempest that I was trapped in happened twenty-seven years prior. The cataclysmic event I allude to struck on Friday, January 28, 1977, The Blizzard of 77, or as creator Erno Rossi, M.A. named it White Death. What occurred on that Friday such a long time ago was really a winter tropical storm. It had been such a chilly, severe winter. Lake Erie had been ice cold all the way through by Christmas. With outrageous temperature and record snowfall, the snow had accumulated on the ice. So as the 50 mile an hour wind cleared across Lake Erie, it brushed the fine snow off the lake, and into Buffalo and the encompassing regions. Into my region it accompanied a retribution. I was filling in as an office agent at a neighborhood cloth manufacturing plant. Around then I didn't have my permit to drive, so I needed to rely upon others for my transportation. On this specific day it was my Dad who drove me to work, and who might likewise drive me home. As we went to work that day it had been snowing vigorously. Note enough for us generous Upstate New Yorkers to remain at home however. As the morning had advanced, so had the day off the breeze. My Dad had called me to tell me that he was going home early, everybody was being sent home. My Dad came and got me about 12:00 early afternoon. So, all in all the breezes were considerably more grounded and perceivability was zero. There we were my Dad and I leaving the city of Batavia to make our six mile trek home in the tempest. As we crept out of the city we were traveled north to our home in Oakfield New York. At the point when I state crept I mean it actually. The windshield wipers couldnt work sufficiently quick to keep the snow off the windshield, the breeze was yelling around us. We couldnt see. I would roll my window down and pop my head out to check whether we were still out and about, yet that did minimal great. So we crawled on. It appeared we were separated from everyone else i n this white vacuum. ... <!

A View from the Class Matthew Hinson COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A View from the Class Matthew Hinson COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The SIPA Office of Alumni and Development is pleased to share another installment of A View from the Class, a SIPA stories series featuring current SIPA students, recently graduated alumni, and SIPA faculty. In this issue, we feature current SIPA student Matthew Hinson MPA 19. A first year Master of Public Administration candidate, Matthew is concentrating in International Security Policy (ISP) and specializing in European Studies. He is also SIPA’s John N. Hazard Fellow. What were you doing prior to attending SIPA? I attended the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in international history and a minor in philosophy. My studies focused on the role of religion and related violence in the modern Middle East. I also interned at the Library of Congress, in the nonprofit sector, and on Capitol Hill. Why did you decide to study at SIPA? As a 2017 Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Fellow with the U.S. Department of State, I wanted to continue my studies in international security, particularly with regard to terrorism, emerging technologies, and nonproliferation. SIPA’s ISP faculty is outstanding, and I thought it would be exciting to live in New York. What has been your experience at SIPA so far? It has been great getting to know the other ISP concentration students and working as a Research Assistant for the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute for War and Peace Studies. I also had the great experience of traveling over spring break to Thailand through the SIPA Southeast Asian Student Initiative (SEASI), a student-run organization that serves as a forum for students who share an interest in the Southeast Asian region. Please tell us about a class that you have enjoyed taking at SIPA. I very much enjoyed Professor Valerii Kuchynskyi’s Ukrainian Foreign Policy seminar. At the end of the semester, the other students and I had a chance to visit Ukraine’s Mission to the United Nations and have a fruitful discussion with the ambassador about issues such as Russian-Ukrainian relations and Ukraine’s membership on the Security Council. What are your plans after SIPA? I plan on entering the U.S. Foreign Service as a Political Officer and working as a diplomat around the world.

A View from the Class Matthew Hinson COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A View from the Class Matthew Hinson COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The SIPA Office of Alumni and Development is pleased to share another installment of A View from the Class, a SIPA stories series featuring current SIPA students, recently graduated alumni, and SIPA faculty. In this issue, we feature current SIPA student Matthew Hinson MPA 19. A first year Master of Public Administration candidate, Matthew is concentrating in International Security Policy (ISP) and specializing in European Studies. He is also SIPA’s John N. Hazard Fellow. What were you doing prior to attending SIPA? I attended the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service, graduating with a bachelor’s degree in international history and a minor in philosophy. My studies focused on the role of religion and related violence in the modern Middle East. I also interned at the Library of Congress, in the nonprofit sector, and on Capitol Hill. Why did you decide to study at SIPA? As a 2017 Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Fellow with the U.S. Department of State, I wanted to continue my studies in international security, particularly with regard to terrorism, emerging technologies, and nonproliferation. SIPA’s ISP faculty is outstanding, and I thought it would be exciting to live in New York. What has been your experience at SIPA so far? It has been great getting to know the other ISP concentration students and working as a Research Assistant for the Arnold A. Saltzman Institute for War and Peace Studies. I also had the great experience of traveling over spring break to Thailand through the SIPA Southeast Asian Student Initiative (SEASI), a student-run organization that serves as a forum for students who share an interest in the Southeast Asian region. Please tell us about a class that you have enjoyed taking at SIPA. I very much enjoyed Professor Valerii Kuchynskyi’s Ukrainian Foreign Policy seminar. At the end of the semester, the other students and I had a chance to visit Ukraine’s Mission to the United Nations and have a fruitful discussion with the ambassador about issues such as Russian-Ukrainian relations and Ukraine’s membership on the Security Council. What are your plans after SIPA? I plan on entering the U.S. Foreign Service as a Political Officer and working as a diplomat around the world.

Homosexuals and the Current Scenario of Egypt - Free Essay Example

Contents Homosexuals and current Scenario of Egypt: International Human Rights and Social Justice for Homosexuals: Human Rights and Social Justice at Country Level: Violation of Country Law: History of Homosexuality in Egypt: Perpetrators of Homosexuality: Primary motivation orobjective of the violations: Consensus on the Crises and Compensation of the Victims: Gay and Lesbian Rights and International Community: LGBT rights in Egypt: Individual Case (Wissam Abyad Prosecution) Conclusion: Bibliography Homosexuals and current Scenario of Egypt: The Egyptian Government dealt homosexuals in cruel way for stopping the rising popularity of Religious activist groups such as Ikhwan-al-Muslimeen. Government of Egypt has used courts for holding and torture of Gay men (laceholder1). This policy of Government got wide support from the public and for this reason allowed the Rule to shore up its Islamic Qualifications (Menyawi, September 1, 2006). The situation of Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen is also considered that homosexuality is the violation of Islamic law. For this reason Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen supported the Government attacks on Gay men. Such Emergency courts which were previously used for the prosecution of the religious fundamentalists now these courts are using for detain and tortured of the gay men. That is why the destination of Religious fundamentalists and gay men are inseparably linked. It seems not plausible that the Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen make a strategically coalition with Gay Men. Ikhwan-al-Musleemeen should understand that th e government is manipulating their Homophobia and Government also prosecuted Fundamentalists. In the United States a narrative is used i.e. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“coming out from the closetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for the LGBT but deploying this narrative in Egypt is an entirely different social and cultural environment from the United States would have significantly diverse and adverse consequences (MENYAWI). So by coming out with a homosexual identity, it is likely to construct a new group in the society which became minority. This group came however under close and careful examination by the Government. Egyptian Government has banished and subjugates this minority instead of embracing and providing support and empathy. It is evident in second public campaign against homosexuals, in which Government gathered about 62 apparently Gay Men and brought them at earth System Science Center (ESSC). The cops stood outside the ESSC and tease them and yelling at them by saying: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Look at them, faggots! This country is become full of faggots!à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the declaration of cops likely to infer something reality about these men. At the Appeals Court of Egypt in July 2003, Moà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢azer El-Marsafy, judge of the court disciplined the defendants by saying, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We are so offended by you and we cannot even glance at you. You did a very main Sin of Religion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Social scenario changes over time to time. Such culture which remain fixed, do not develop and grow must be go down because of their rigidity. The problem with the fundamentalist that they measure us with the same yard stick by which they are using for themselves or like such yard sticks which their forefathers told them about. Fundamentalist uses such interpretation of reality and pretends to us even more unknown, restricted and hostileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . (MÃÆ' ¡rquez, 8 December 1982) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“He stared me from up to down and said, are you a theist?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬   I was shocked; I do not have words to say something. I know, I have more ethical values, righteousness than that guy. I know how stronger my relationship with God about which he do not know. But according to him I am just a punished person or eviler than an accused person, a ghost, because I am homosexualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . (Amgad, 2004) (Amgad, 2004)International Human Rights and Social Justice for Homosexuals: Human Rights for homosexual have been expressed by Navi Pillay, High Commissioner for Human Rights and by Secretary General of United Nations, Ban Ki Moon (Association). A revolutionary speech by Secretary General in December 2010 delivered on LGBT equality in New York for calling an international legalization of homosexuality and takes other measures for handle the violence and the discrimination against LGBTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. According to him, since men and women are equal, we discard discrimination as a whole and particular discrimination centered on sexual orientation and sex identity. He said, it is not necessary to create new International laws or LGBT-specific Rights, for the protection of the LGBT people from violence and discrimination. It is the legal obligation of the state to safeguard the LGBT people like the other people living in the country. A state must follow the Human International Rights Law and they must be agreed on International human rights Treatise. Al l people who live in the state must enjoy the safety given by the International Human Rights Law regardless of sex and sexual orientation, gender identity, include respect of rights to life, security, privacy, free from torture, subjective arrest, freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association. The principal legal responsibilities of States to defending the Human Rights of LGBT include following duties: Prevention of folks from homophobic and transphobic forcefulness. Prevention of pain, hard, cruel, torture, heartless, inhuman and humiliating treatment. Cancelation of such laws which criminalize the homosexuality. Stop Discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. Freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association for all LGBT people. In 1945, The Charter of United Nations, States: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is states in the testament of United Nations there must be respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms for all without any discrimination and distinctionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Chapter I, Article 1, #3 In 1945, Universal Declaration of Hume Rights, narrates in Article # 02 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Every person in the world allowed to have all the basic rights and freedoms wrote in the declaration without the discrimination and distinction of any kindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Human Rights and Social Justice at Country Level: At the country level following questions must be addressed for the sake of Human Rights and Social Justice of LGBT people (Commision): Violation of Country Law: The constitution of Egypt does not allow the homosexuality and it is also in Islamic law and sharia is against the homosexuality. This law did not allow people to act in this way. According to Islam, man and woman are created for each other so the homosexuality is against the natural laws. History of Homosexuality in Egypt: It found in that ancient Egypt also had some sort of homosexual activities around 2500 B.C. But it is probability that people did not deliberately involve in such activities. Sex orientation of anyone determines whether he/she homosexual or not. When people have implicit knowledge and they admit consciously about themselves whether he/she is homo then that person search for their partner in the society. Perpetrators of Homosexuality: In the Islamic state, it is sure that anyone who is homosexual is committing a crime. But in general or in in the western culture perspective, other people who perceived homosexual as the perpetrators are actually the criminals. Primary motivation orobjective of the violations: In the current scenario of Egypt, political unbalance in the state really causes the violations. The Government of Egypt is not stable enough to resolve such sort of issues so Government tried to solve this issue with help of religious fundamentalists and activists. The current situation of Egypt represents that the actual victims are the underprivileged homosexual people. Consensus on the Crises and Compensation of the Victims: The issue of homosexuality will not be resolve sufficiently until the political situation of Egypt get better. With the involvement of United Nations in the crises of Homosexuality, this crisis will end in the broader way, just like in United States. When the crises will end then there should be some steps for compensation i.e. give them rights to live safely in the society with equal human rights which all human beings are possessing. Gay and Lesbian Rights and International Community: Foreign Governments expressed a lot of concern about the oppression of Gays in Egypt. French President Jacques Chirac upraised fears about the behavior and attitude towards gays in Egypt. The European Parliament sentenced the attacks on these men, wanting their freedom from custody and the termination of all trails of the citizens on the bases of homosexuality. In the United States some adherents of Congress who belongs to the Democratic Party of the United States suggests a bill in the Congress for reusing any support with Egypt Free Trade Agreement due to the trail of Gays (International Communist league). This action of Democratic Party impression amid Egyptians that Gay Character and Gay Rights was an artifact of the West, which is not producing a good relationship among Gays and United States. The disapproval of the trails of the Gay men of the West shows that they are also Western. Sonia Katyal who is Associate Dean for Research points out: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Unexpected ly, the appearance of public, cooperative, gay identity in some portions of the world has become intensively nervous with allegations of cultural inauthenticity and corruption of west. The conflict of these diverse forces, I argued that it must be produced some sort of global and cultural crunch of sexual identity, with the help of these developments, the globalizing of gay rights dissertation and it is associated reaction is conspicuous for its chronological coincidenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The Government of Egypt is changing the direction from their social and economic failures by arranging identity discourse of Gay Men. Egyptians were unconcerned, not much interested or ignorant suddenly look around themselves Gay People, in their own population. LGBT rights in Egypt: According to a report, about 10% to 12% of population of Egypt is homosexual and 95% of the Egyptians also believed that their sex orientation would not be accepted by the society in which they are living because they are not feeling in the same way as others in the society. In any enacted legislation or in any Egyptian Constitution, the Discrimination and aggravation of on the behalf of Sexual orientation and gender identity has not been expressly addressed in the Past. There is no politician or organization who talks about public support of LGBT rights. However it has been practiced to send the homosexuals in prison and mental institution to convert them into the normal gender or heterosexual. These activities are traditional in the Egypt culture. Cause behind the no political party or person addressing publically for the rights of LGBT is the religious fundamentalists and activists in the Egypt Government (Watch). Individual Case (Wissam Abyad Prosecution) Wissam Abyad was punished for 15 months in jail of Egypt on groundless charges of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Habitual Debaucheryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . That law is nebulous, a public morality law which is practiced in Egypt for criminalize the homosexuality. Wissam went to meet a man, who he has been communicating with, on the internet. That man was a government informant and he was being used against him at his trail. All the emails and communicating messages were exchanged by the Police of Cairo. Due to this physical evident Wissam was prosecuted for 15 months. His conviction was defended late on an appeal. Wissam came to the United States (wire) when released from the prison in Egypt last spring. He speaks out in contradiction of the human rights desecrations which are being dedicated against Gay Men in Egypt. Wissam also spoke in the support of Amnesty International Equality and Human rights Watch. A non-profit organization which propagates for equality in United States immigration Law for LGBT people, made a contact with Wissam. Wissam told that he might be able to obtain equality as the refugee in United States on the punishment he suffered because of his sexual orientation. Conclusion: Member of United States and United Nations has been working to discard and illegalization based on transphobia and homophobia whether the rejection of human rights for LGBT continue all over the world today. ABOUT 30 countries have been legalized the homosexuality in last 20 years. LGBT is attaining momentum by the efforts of UN and different NGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. It is no doubt by saying that United Nations making development toward the global presence of LGBT rights in the leadership of the Ban Ki Moon, Secretary General of United Nation. For the prosecution of homosexuals, Egypt is not only a single Muslim country. It has been happened across the Muslim world from Malaysia to Morocco. It is a big crime in Islamic Law, Sharia. The punishment of this offense is death in Iran, Pakistan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan. It is the amount of ubiquity of anti-Gay prejudice in such societies that there is no expression in Urdu, Arabic and Persian for homosexuality that is not sneering or derogatory. Bibliography The Egyptian Blogosphere: Policing Gender and Sexuality and the Consequences for Queer Emancipation. (2012). Grant Walsh-Haines; Journal of Middle East Womens Studies, 8(3), 41-62. Amgad. (2004). Human Rights Watch interview with Amgad. In a Time of Torture: The Assault on Justice in Egyptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct. Association, A. P. (n.d.). Are LGBT rights human rights? Recent developments at the United Nations. Retrieved from www.apa.org: https://www.apa.org/international/pi/2012/06/un-matters.aspx Commision, I. G. (n.d.). Magazines from LGBT Groups in North Africa Available Online. Retrieved from https://iglhrc.org/: https://iglhrc.org/content/magazines-lgbt-groups-north-africa-available-online International Communist league, F. I. (n.d.). Protest Anti-Gay Persecution in Egypt! Retrieved from https://www.icl-fi.org/: https://www.icl-fi.org/english/wv/archives/oldsite/2003/Egypt801.htm MÃÆ' ¡rquez, G. G. (8 December 1982). The Solitude of Latin America. Nobel Lecture, Oslo, Norway. MENYAWI, H. E. (n.d.). ACTIVISM FROM THE CLOSET: GAY RIGHTS STRATEGISING IN EGYPT. Menyawi, H. E. (September 1, 2006). Persecution of Homosexuals: The Egyptian Governments Trojan Horse against Religious Groups. Human Rights Brief, Volume 14, Issue 1, Fall 2006 . Rind, B. (1998). Biased Use of Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Male Homosexuality in Human Sexuality Textbooks. The Journal of Sex Research, 397-407. Watch, H. R. (n.d.). LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER RIGHTS. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/: https://www.hrw.org/topic/lgbt-rights wire, P. n. (n.d.). Former Amnesty International Prisoner of Conscience Wins Asylum in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/former-amnesty-international-prisoner-of-conscience-wins-asylum-in-the-united-states-73959027.html